Changes in Left Ventricular Function Assessed by 3D Echocardiography During Severe Central Hypovolemia in Healthy Humans.

Purpose: Central hypovolemia is considered to lead to a compensatory increase in cardiac contractility. From a physiological perspective, left ventricular (LV) twisting motion, which plays an important role in maintaining cardiac output, should be enhanced during central hypovolemia, but previous studies have shown inconsistent findings. Using 3D echocardiography, we tested the hypothesis that the LV twisting and untwisting motion would be enhanced during severe central hypovolemia.

Association Between Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Early Adiposity Rebound in Children: A Case-Control Study of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study.

Background: Adiposity rebound (AR) is the point when the body mass index (BMI) begins to rise again during early childhood. Early AR (before age 5) is associated with a higher risk of lifelong obesity and metabolic disorders and may be influenced by breastfeeding. Although human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk are crucial for child growth, their association with AR status has not been studied.

Effectiveness Index of Mechanical Energy Utilization in Male 400-m Sprinters and the Relation Between Muscle Cross-Sectional Area of the Trunk and the Lower Limb.

The purpose of this study was to identify the morphological characteristics of trunk and lower limb muscles associated with 400-m sprint performance and "effectiveness index of mechanical energy utilization (EI)." Twelve male 400-m sprinters (age: 21.4 ± 1.

Probabilistic assessment of passive earth pressures considering spatial variability of soil parameters and design factors.

The stability design of soil structures, such as retaining walls, has traditionally relied on deterministic analyses that use averaged soil parameters. However, modern computational advances, particularly Monte Carlo simulations (MCs), have highlighted the limitations of this approach. Engineers are now increasingly focused on understanding the probability of failure (PF) associated with specific safety factors.

Prolonged sitting is not associated with altered shear-mediated dilation of the internal carotid artery, despite impairing lower limb endothelial function.

The present study aims to examine the effect of 4 h of continuous sitting on cerebral endothelial function, which is a crucial component of cerebral blood flow regulation. We hypothesized that 4 h of sitting may impair cerebral endothelial function similarly to how it affects lower limb vasculature. Thirteen young, healthy participants were instructed to remain seated for 4 h without moving their lower limbs.