Investigating the Impact of Tillage and Crop Rotation on the Prevalence of -Carrying Potentially Involved in Disease Suppression.

Winter oilseed rape (OSR) is becoming an increasingly popular crop in rotations as it provides a cash crop and reduces the incidence of take-all fungal disease (caused by ) in subsequent wheat production. The exact mechanism of this inhibition of fungal pathogens is not fully understood; however, the selective recruitment of bacterial groups with the ability to suppress pathogen growth and reproduction is thought to play a role. Here we examine the effect of tillage practice on the proliferation of microbes that possess the D gene involved in the production of the antifungal compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), in the rhizospheres of both winter oilseed rape and winter wheat grown in rotation over a two-year period.

A powerful partnership: researchers and patients working together to develop a patient-facing summary of clinical trial outcome data.

Objective: Availability of easy-to-understand patient-reported outcome (PRO) trial data may help individuals make more informed healthcare decisions. Easily interpretable, patient-centric PRO data summaries and visualizations are therefore needed. This three-stage study explored graphical format preferences, understanding, and interpretability of clinical trial PRO data presented to people with prostate cancer (PC).

Effects of induced aniseikonia on binocular visual acuity.

Clinical Relevance: Binocular visual acuity is an important index of functional performance. Optometrists need to know how binocular visual acuity is affected by aniseikonia, and whether reduced binocular visual acuity is a marker for aniseikonia.

Background: Aniseikonia, the perception of unequal image sizes between the eyes, can occur spontaneously or can be induced after different types of eye surgery, or trauma.

Online medical education using a Facebook peer-to-peer learning platform during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study exploring learner and tutor acceptability of Facebook as a learning platform.

Background: In recent years, higher education institutions have been moving teaching online, accelerated by the pandemic. The Remote Learning Project (RLP), based at the Norwich Medical School (NMS) in the United Kingdom (U.K.

Food inauthenticity: Authority activities, guidance for food operators, and mitigation tools.

Historically, food fraud was a major public health concern which helped drive the development of early food regulations in many markets including the US and EU market. In the past 10 years, the integrity of food chains with respect to food fraud has again been questioned due to high profile food fraud cases. We provide an overview of the resulting numerous authoritative activities underway within different regions to counter food fraud, and we describe the guidance available to the industry to understand how to assess the vulnerability of their businesses and implement appropriate mitigation.