Prevention of artificial dental plaque formation in vitro by plant extracts.

Aims: A number of previous studies have shown that plant extracts can inhibit formation of dental plaque. The ability of extracts of Rosmarinus officianalis L., Salvia officianalis L.

Measurements of stapes velocity in live human ears.

Sound-induced stapes velocity (Vs) was measured intraoperatively in 14 patients undergoing cochlear implantation. All 14 patients had no history of middle-ear pathology, and their ossicular chains appeared normal on intraoperative inspection and palpation. The magnitude of the mean Vs (normalized by simultaneously-measured ear-canal sound pressure) was stiffness-dominated at frequencies below 1 kHz, increased up to approximately 4 kHz, and then decreased at higher frequencies.

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: a review of the literature.

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma is a relatively rare and aggressive malignancy of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It is often difficult to distinguish from other poorly differentiated sinonasal malignancies. Since it was first described in 1986, advances have been made in the understanding of the histology and immunohistochemical markers of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, but the treatment options and prognosis remain poor.