Functional consequences of changes in the distribution of Ca extrusion pathways between t-tubular and surface membranes in a model of human ventricular cardiomyocyte.

The sarcolemmal Ca efflux pathways, Na-Ca-exchanger (NCX) and Ca-ATPase (PMCA), play a crucial role in the regulation of intracellular Ca load and Ca transient in cardiomyocytes. The distribution of these pathways between the t-tubular and surface membrane of ventricular cardiomyocytes varies between species and is not clear in human. Moreover, several studies suggest that this distribution changes during the development and heart diseases.

[Evaluation of the Clinical Outcomes of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in the Management of Chondral Lesions of the Knee after 10+ Years].

Purpose Of The Study: The authors present the outcomes of more than ten-year clinical follow-up of patients who underwent surgical treatment of deep chondral defect of the knee (medial or lateral condyle). The method of treatment was the implantation of autologous cultured chondrocytes in the form of a solid chondral graft. The aim was also to compare the mid-term and long-term outcomes and to evaluate how the knee condition affects the everyday life and sports activities more than 10 years after surgery.

A new approach to the determination of tubular membrane capacitance: passive membrane electrical properties under reduced electrical conductivity of the extracellular solution.

The transverse-axial tubular system (tubular system) of cardiomyocytes plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling. To determine the area of the tubular membrane in relation to the area of the surface membrane, indirect measurements through the determination of membrane capacitances are currently used in addition to microscopic methods. Unlike existing electrophysiological methods based on an irreversible procedure (osmotic shock), the proposed new approach uses a reversible short-term intermittent increase in the electrical resistance of the extracellular medium.

Fraction of the T-Tubular Membrane as an Important Parameter in Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology: A New Way of Estimation.

The transverse-axial tubular system (t-tubules) plays an essential role in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes. Its remodelling is associated with various cardiac diseases. Numerous attempts were made to analyse characteristics essential for proper understanding of the t-tubules and their impact on cardiac cell function in health and disease.

Aminophylline at clinically relevant concentrations affects inward rectifier potassium current in a dual way.

Bronchodilator aminophylline may induce atrial or less often ventricular arrhythmias. The mechanism of this proarrhythmic side effect has not been fully explained. Modifications of inward rectifier potassium (Kir) currents including I are known to play an important role in arrhythmogenesis; however, no data on the aminophylline effect on these currents have been published.