Nicotine metabolite ratio in people with HIV who smoke cigarettes receiving pharmacologic and behavioral cessation therapy.

People with HIV (PWH) smoke cigarettes at triple the rate of the general population in the US. Efforts to increase quit rates in this group have met with limited success. The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) has shown promise as a phenotypic marker that may be useful in selecting the most appropriate cessation treatments for people who smoke cigarettes.

Efficacy of Smoking Cessation Interventions among People with HIV in Kenya.

Background: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) smoke at much higher rates than the general population, resulting in higher risk for tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. The efficacy of smoking cessation interventions among people with HIV in lower-middle-income countries remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, 2 × 2 factorial design trial based in Nairobi, Kenya, to evaluate the efficacy of bupropion versus placebo, and a culturally tailored behavioral cessation therapy, called Positively Smoke Free (PSF), versus standard of care for people with HIV who smoke.

Race/ethnicity-based discrimination, depressive symptoms, and smoking-related variables among people with HIV participating in a randomized clinical trial for cigarette smoking cessation.

People with HIV smoke cigarettes at a high prevalence, and it is important to identify modifiable variables related to smoking in this population. Race/ethnicity-based discrimination is common among people with HIV from minoritized racial and ethnic groups and results in significant adverse effects. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between race/ethnicity-based discrimination, depression, and smoking-related variables among people with HIV who smoke.

Woodland caribou calving fidelity: Spatial location, habitat, or both?

Individuals that isolate themselves to give birth can use more than one strategy in choosing birth sites to maximize reproductive success. Previous research has focused on the consistency in the use of the same birth-site across years (i.e.