On the impact of and need for chronic dialysis and renal transplantation.

The acceptance rate onto chronic dialysis is increasing linearly, but when expressed as a percentage of those in need the steepest increase occurred in the mid- and late 1970s; this increase is much slower now because the population dying of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) seems to be increasing as well. The increase in ESRD between 1960 and 1981 was 67%. Of this increase, 30% resulted from an increase in the population and 37% from an apparent increase in the incidence of ESRD.

The acute effects of furosemide, ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide on the renal tubular handling of uric acid in the chicken.

Birds resemble man in that both lack uricase and therefore uric acid (urate) is the end product of purine metabolism in both animals. Although urate is largely excreted by the kidneys in both species, it has generally been accepted that the renal handling of urate in the chicken differs from that in man in that drugs which are known to be uricosuric in man do not produce a uricosuric response in birds. This suggests that tubular reabsorption of urate is either minimal or lacking in birds.

Renal venous portal contribution to PAH and uric acid clearance in the chicken.

The contributions of the renal venous portal and the renal arterial circulations to the renal clearance of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and uric acid were determined in the unanesthetized chicken by the simultaneous use of the urinary clearance technique and the Sperber preparation. The [3H]PAH apparent tubular excretion fraction (ATEF) and the clearance of inulin (CIn) were used as indicators of the renal portal and renal arterial contributions, respectively, in a planar equation for total PAH clearance. This equation accurately reflects the renal clearance of PAH as well as the renal venous portal and renal arterial contributions to the total renal clearance of PAH.

The importance of osmolality fall and ultrafiltration rate on hemodialysis side effects. Influence of intravenous mannitol.

The decreases in serum osmolality as well as the rate of ultrafiltration during hemodialysis and the influence of each upon the side effects of this treatment were studied in 13 chronic stable dialysis patients. Mannitol (9 mosm/kg water) was infused in two out of four dialyses, in a double blind fashion. A solution of 5% glucose in water was used as control.