Reuse, remanufacturing and recycling in the steel sector.

The global steel sector is undergoing a transition from being a major CO emitter to a more sustainable circular material service provider, moving towards (near) net zero CO through combined strategies of reuse, remanufacturing, recycling and changes to primary steelmaking. This paper considers the transition using the UK as an example, based on the current sector state and future plans/opportunities. Some key enablers/barriers have been identified, and case studies are presented on the current state of knowledge and technology developments.

Hidden magnetism uncovered in a charge ordered bilayer kagome material ScVSn.

Charge ordered kagome lattices have been demonstrated to be intriguing platforms for studying the intertwining of topology, correlation, and magnetism. The recently discovered charge ordered kagome material ScVSn does not feature a magnetic groundstate or excitations, thus it is often regarded as a conventional paramagnet. Here, using advanced muon-spin rotation spectroscopy, we uncover an unexpected hidden magnetism of the charge order.

An exploration of hospital pharmacists' attitudes and opinions towards undertaking research.

Objectives: This research aimed to explore the attitudes and opinions of hospital pharmacists to undertaking research to understand the drivers, drawbacks, barriers and enablers to engagement and explore the characteristics of research-active pharmacy departments.

Methods: A qualitative approach was employed using case study methodology where interviews were undertaken with the chief pharmacist and a cohort of research-active pharmacists at four secondary care NHS Trusts. Each of the four case study sites had high levels of research activity among pharmacists and a model of support for them to undertake research.

FDA and industry collaboration: Identifying opportunities to further reduce reliance on nonhuman primates for nonclinical safety evaluations.

The nonhuman primate (NHP) has always been a limited resource for pharmaceutical research with ongoing efforts to conserve. This is due to their inherent biological properties, the growth in biotherapeutics and other modalities, and their use in small molecule drug development. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly impacted the availability of NHPs due to the immediate need for NHPs to develop COVID-19 vaccines and treatments and the China NHP export ban; thus, accelerating the need to further replace, reduce and refine (3Rs) NHP use.

Current nonclinical approaches for immune assessments of immuno-oncology biotherapeutics.

Harnessing the immune system to kill tumors has been revolutionary and, as a result, has had an enormous benefit for patients in extending life and resulting in effective cures in some. However, activation of the immune system can come at the cost of undesirable adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome, immune-related adverse events, on-target/off-tumor toxicity, neurotoxicity and tumor lysis syndrome, which are safety risks that can be challenging to assess non-clinically. This article provides a review of the biology and mechanisms that can result in immune-mediated adverse effects and describes industry approaches using in vitro and in vivo models to aid in the nonclinical safety risk assessments for immune-oncology modalities.