Background: Surgical removal of dumbbell nerve sheath tumors (NSTs) remains challenging because these neoplasms occupy ≥ 2 spinal and extraspinal spaces. The presence of intraspinal extension, tumor dimension, and/or its location within the thoracic cavity have previously made the resection of these types of neoplasms difficult.
Objective: To describe the feasibility of performing minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery, as facilitated by an image guidance system (IGS), to achieve gross total resection of select dumbbell NSTs located in the thoracic spine.
Background: Exercise programs have been introduced to reduce the ACL injury risk in female athletes. The most effective age at which to start these programs is not known.
Hypothesis: Age and gender affect ligament laxity and quadriceps-to-hamstring strength ratio.
Langenbecks Arch Klin Chir Ver Dtsch Z Chir
November 1998