Standardization of myocardial protection: comment on "Cardiac surgery 2023 reviewed".

There have been few recent innovations since the introduction of cardioplegia more than 50 years ago. Surprisingly, cardioplegia as one of the most essential steps in terms of heart muscle protection during a surgical procedure requiring cardiac arrest has never been really standardized. As a consequence, a considerable variety of cardioplegic solutions and applications have developed: cold versus warm, crystalloid versus blood cardioplegia, antegrade versus retrograde or both, as well as different time schedules for repeated administration.

Amputation-Free Survival, WIfI Stage, and GLASS Classifications in Distal Crural or Pedal Bypass for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.

: Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is a severe condition with high risks of amputation and mortality, especially in patients with distal crural or pedal artery disease. Despite advances in endovascular techniques, bypass surgery remains crucial for patients with CLTI. This study aimed to investigate amputation-free survival, Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) staging, and Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) classifications in patients undergoing distal crural or pedal bypass for CLTI.

Indication and Outcome of Late Open Conversion after Abdominal Endovascular Aortic Repair.

Background: Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has become the standard of care for patients with infrarenal aortic aneurysms over the last 2 decades. Endograft technology and treatment of complications like endoleaks, graft migration, or graft occlusion developed over time. However, sometimes open surgical conversion maybe required.

Physician Made Bovine Pericardial Tube Grafts in Aortic Infection: A European Multicentre Study.

Objective: This study examines outcome and durability of physician made bovine pericardial tube grafts in aortic infections in all anatomical locations.

Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective international multicentre study. Peri-operative and long term outcomes of patients undergoing in situ aortic reconstruction for native or graft infections with physician made bovine pericardial tube grafts between January 2008 and December 2020 in four European tertiary referral centres were analysed.

Practice of neuromonitoring in open and endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic repair-an international expert-based modified Delphi consensus study.

Objectives: Spinal cord injury is detrimental for patients undergoing open or endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. The aim of this survey and of the modified Delphi consensus was to gather information on current practices and standards in neuroprotection in patients undergoing open and endovascular TAAA.

Methods: The Aortic Association conducted an international online survey on neuromonitoring in open and endovascular TAAA repair.