Freshwater faces a warmer and saltier future from headwaters to coasts: climate risks, saltwater intrusion, and biogeochemical chain reactions.

Unlabelled: Alongside global climate change, many freshwater ecosystems are experiencing substantial shifts in the concentrations and compositions of salt ions coming from both land and sea. We synthesize a risk framework for anticipating how climate change and increasing salt pollution coming from both land and saltwater intrusion will trigger chain reactions extending from headwaters to tidal waters. Salt ions trigger 'chain reactions,' where chemical products from one biogeochemical reaction influence subsequent reactions and ecosystem responses.

The "8 D's" of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Risk: A Scoping Review.

Background: High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy is commonly used in acute respiratory failure. Despite this therapy's benefits, it also has risks, with therapy failure and intubation delay cited most frequently. Awareness of these risks is important to ensure optimal patient care and guide future research.

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare pathology seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially ulcerative colitis. PSC increases patients' morbidity and requires the attention of a multidisciplinary team as those patients require frequent colonoscopies and biopsies due to the elevated risk of malignancy, biliary screening and management of progressive disease that could leave patients in liver failure requiring liver transplant. Some consider this a separate form of IBD in addition to Crohn's and ulcerative colitis.

Inhaled Pentamidine for Bolivian Mucosal Leishmaniasis.

Aerosolized pentamidine is Food and Drug Administration approved to treat Pneumocystis pneumonia via a route that does not lead to systemic absorption or toxicity. Because Leishmania is also susceptible to pentamidine and mucosal leishmaniasis is also an infection of the respiratory tract, we performed a pilot study of aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg for 10 days over approximately 4 weeks) for mucosal leishmaniasis caused by Bolivian Leishmania braziliensis with a 2-year follow-up. Of 15 patients, 6 of 7 patients with initially mild disease were cured, 3 of 4 patients with initially moderate disease relapsed at the 18- to 24-month follow-up visits, and 3 of 4 patients with initially severe disease failed early after treatment.

Metabolic control of ovarian function through the sympathetic nervous system: role of leptin.

The link between metabolism and reproduction is well-known. Both undernutrition and obesity affect the reproductive system. Metabolic status influences reproductive physiology by regulating gonadotropin secretion and affecting reproductive organs through hormonal signals.