SARS-CoV-2 genetic material is removed during municipal wastewater treatment and is undetectable after advanced treatment.

The aim of this study was to establish whether SARS-CoV-2 genetic material is detectable after municipal wastewater treatment and to verify its expected removal from purified water that is reclaimed for potable reuse. Viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 (N1 and N2 genes) were monitored in raw influent wastewater (sewage) entering a water reclamation facility and in subsequent advanced treatment. Despite the large viral RNA load in raw sewage during peak COVID-19 outbreaks, substantial amounts of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material were removed during the conventional wastewater treatment process.

Online colloidal particle monitoring for controlled coagulation pretreatment to lower microfiltration membrane fouling at a potable water reuse facility.

Fouling of microfiltration (MF)) membranes during water/wastewater treatment is predominantly caused by colloidal particles (size <1 µm) in the feed water. Until recently no online technology was available to directly measure the occurrence of colloidal particles in these waters. This study evaluated the viability of a novel online light scattering technology (Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis) to continuously monitor colloidal particles in the membrane feed water (a secondary-treated wastewater) for targeted removal by injecting coagulant at a dosage proportional to the measured concentration of colloidal particles.

National mandatory motorcycle helmet laws may save $2.2 billion annually: An inpatient and value of statistical life analysis.

Background: While statistics exist regarding the overall rate of fatalities in motorcyclists with and without helmets, a combined inpatient and value of statistical life (VSL) analysis has not previously been reported.

Methods: Statistical data of motorcycle collisions were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control, National Highway Transportation Safety Board, and Governors Highway Safety Association. The VSL estimate was obtained from the 2002 Department of Transportation calculation.

Statistical evaluation of photon count rate data for nanoscale particle measurement in wastewaters.

The dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique can detect the concentration and size distribution of nanoscale particles in aqueous solutions by analyzing photon interactions. This study evaluated the applicability of using photon count rate data from DLS analyses for measuring levels of biogenic and manufactured nanoscale particles in wastewater. Statistical evaluations were performed using secondary wastewater effluent and a Malvern Zetasizer.

Chemical and photochemical synthesis of substituted dihydro-thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-c]quinolin-6-ones and tetrahydro-dithieno[2,3-b:2',3'-d]thieno[2'',3''c:2'',3''c']diquinolin-6,14-dione.

Some new substituted dihydrothieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-c]quinolin-6-ones 9- 12 and tetrahydrodithieno[2,3-b: 2',3'-d]thieno[2'',3''-c:2'',3''-c']diquinolin-6,14-dione (17) were prepared from the corresponding new anilides 5-8 and from the corresponding dianilide 15, respectively, by a multistep combination of chemical and photochemical reactions. All the prepared compounds are of particular interest because they might serve as DNA intercalators in anticancer therapy.