Jehovah's Witnesses: Challenges in liver disease management and in liver transplantation.

Patients of Jehovah's Witnesses faith who are in need of liver transplantation pose unique challenges. These patients should be seen at transplant centers with experience in caring for Jehovah's Witnesses to formulate careful preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative strategies on an individualized basis with multidisciplinary input to mitigate the risk of bleeding complications and to prepare for potentially catastrophic scenarios. In-depth and individualized conversations about what constitutes acceptable bloodless transfusion strategies both for the patient and for the transplant center should begin as early as possible with an experienced coordinator or church liaison.

Outcomes of High-Grade Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Hepatitis in Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized Patients.

Background & Aims: Guidelines recommend hospitalization for severe immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) hepatitis. We compared patient outcomes in the inpatient versus outpatient settings.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 294 ICI-treated patients who developed grade 3-4 ICI hepatitis.

A Kv2 inhibitor combination reveals native neuronal conductances consistent with Kv2/KvS heteromers.

KvS proteins are voltage-gated potassium channel subunits that form functional channels when assembled into heterotetramers with Kv2.1 ( ) or Kv2.2 ( ).

Kill rates by immune cells: Ratio-dependent, or mass action?

We describe a cell-based fixed-lattice model to simulate immune cell and tumor cell interaction involving MHC recognition, and FasL vs perforin lysis. We are motivated by open questions about the mechanisms behind observed kill rates of tumor cells by different types of effector cells. These mechanisms play a big role in the effectiveness of many cancer immunotherapies.