Host control by Acmispon strigosus constrains fitness gains of ineffective Bradyrhizobium symbionts in mixed infections.

Plant hosts can gain significant growth benefits from symbiosis with microbes, but these benefits could be threatened by divergent fitness interests among partners. Here, we measured fitness outcomes in symbiosis, by varying the genotypes of both microbes and hosts, to examine scenarios that might favor uncooperative symbionts. We studied associations between Acmispon strigosus, an annual legume native to California, and its nitrogen fixing symbionts in the genus Bradyrhizobium.

Electronic Health Records-based identification of newly diagnosed Crohn's Disease cases.

Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of Crohn's Disease are associated with decreased risk of surgery and complications. However, diagnostic delay is frequently seen in clinical practice. To better understand Crohn's Disease risk factors and disease indicators, we identified, described, and predicted incident Crohn's Disease patients based on the Electronic Health Record data of the Mount Sinai Health System.

Improving precision of vaccine efficacy evaluation using immune correlate data in time-to-event models.

Understanding potential differences in vaccine-induced protection between demographic subgroups is key for vaccine development. Vaccine efficacy evaluation across these subgroups in phase 2b or 3 clinical trials presents challenges due to lack of precision: such trials are typically designed to demonstrate overall efficacy rather than to differentiate its value between subgroups. This study proposes a method for estimating vaccine efficacy using immunogenicity (instead of vaccination status) as a predictor in time-to-event models.

Editorial Commentary: Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Is a Powerful Tool for Treating Pain for Properly Indicated Patients, but Ability to Prevent Osteoarthritis Progression Remains Undetermined.

In well-indicated patients, meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) survivorship can approach 80% to 90% at 10 years and 50% to 60% at 15 years, although these studies have included mostly younger patients (mean ages 25-30 years). Evidence-based indications for MAT are symptomatic meniscal deficiency in the absence of uncorrected osteoarthritis and malalignment in the young, active patient. The definition of young and active continues to evolve as demands of an aging population grow, and MAT has been performed with favorable outcomes in those over 40 and even 50 years old.