Metal-Free Electrochemical C-H Chlorination of Terminal Alkanes.

Although research on the activation of C-H bonds in alkanes has been ongoing for decades, there are still few strategies that are both highly selective and suitable for industrial production. Here, we report a highly selective method for chlorination of terminal C-H bonds in alkanes by combining electrochemistry and organocatalysis. The specific cavity size of organic molecular catalysts ensures high regioselectivity, while the use of inexpensive and easily reusable graphite felt electrodes, simple electrochemical device and mild conditions enables the reaction to maintain good efficiency even when scaled up to kilogram level production.

Discovery and identification of semaphorin 4D as a bioindicator of high fracture incidence in type 2 diabetic mice with glucose control.

Introduction: Bone fracture is increasing in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to skeletal fragility. Most antidiabetics are expected to reduce the incidence of fracture in patients with T2DM, however the results are disappointing. Metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists have a neutral or minor positive effect in reducing fractures.

A high-resolution N-glycoproteome landscape of aging mouse ovary.

Ovarian aging typically precedes the decline of other organ systems, yet its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Glycosylation as one of the most important protein modifications has been especially unexplored in this context. Here, we present the first high-resolution glycoproteomic landscape of aging mouse ovaries, uncovering site-specific N-glycan signatures across subcellular components such as high proportions of complex glycans, core fucosylation, and LacdiNAc branches at the zone pellucida.