Duration, course and caregiver burden of croup in children: two observational cohorts.

Objectives: Although croup is a common respiratory illness, there is little published regarding symptom course. We aimed to assess symptom progression and caregiver burden, and whether age, sex or season and initial severity of disease are associated with symptom duration.

Design, Setting And Participants: We conducted a secondary analysis of two Canadian prospective cohorts of children 0-16 years old diagnosed with croup; one recruited from a paediatric emergency department (ED) (307 children) between November 1999 and March 2000, and the other from 26 general EDs (1214 children) between September 2002 and April 2006.

Uranyl Naphthylsalophen and Pyrasal Complexes: Oxo Ligands Acting as Hydrogen Bond Acceptors in the Solid State.

Uranium is most stable when it is exposed to oxygen or water in its +6 oxidation state as the uranyl (UO) ion. This ion is subsequently particularly stable and very resistant to functionalization due to the inverse trans effect. Uranyl oxo ligands are typically not considered good hydrogen bond acceptors due to their weak Lewis basicity; however, the ligands bound in the equatorial plane greatly affect the strength of the oxo ligands' hydrogen bonding.

Fundamental Insights into Copper-Epoxy Interfaces for High-Frequency Chip-to-Chip Interconnects.

Future processes and materials are needed to enable multichip packages with chip-to-chip (C2C) data rates of 50 GB/s or higher. This presents a fundamental challenge because of the skin effect, which exacerbates signal transmission losses at high frequencies. Our results indicate that smooth copper interconnects with relatively thin cuprous oxides (CuO, Cu) and amine-functional silane adhesion promoters improve interfacial adhesion with epoxy dielectrics by nearly an order of magnitude.

Beyond knowledge: Unveiling the hidden link between body image and dietary intake in elite race walkers at risk of relative energy deficiency in sport.

Nutritional knowledge and body image concerns are key factors influencing dietary intake and health among athletes, particularly in lean-type sports. This study investigates these variables among elite race walkers from the United Kingdom and Ireland, a cohort selected for the prominence of race walking in their national sports programmes and unique cultural contexts. The study aims to assess the relationship between nutritional knowledge, body image, and dietary intake in elite race walkers, and explore the potential risk of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S).

The impact of obstructive sleep apnoea on post-operative outcomes.

Background: Unrecognised obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been associated with adverse cardiorespiratory perioperative outcomes. However, with changing anaesthetic and perioperative management, there is ongoing uncertainty about the importance of OSA as a risk factor for post-operative complications.

Methods: A cohort study involving subjects undergoing elective surgery was conducted.