Particle-Based Microarrays of Oligonucleotides and Oligopeptides.

In this review, we describe different methods of microarray fabrication based on the use of micro-particles/-beads and point out future tendencies in the development of particle-based arrays. First, we consider oligonucleotide bead arrays, where each bead is a carrier of one specific sequence of oligonucleotides. This bead-based array approach, appearing in the late 1990s, enabled high-throughput oligonucleotide analysis and had a large impact on genome research.

Printing Peptide arrays with a complementary metal oxide semiconductor chip.

: In this chapter, we discuss the state-of-the-art peptide array technologies, comparing the spot technique, lithographical methods, and microelectronic chip-based approaches. Based on this analysis, we describe a novel peptide array synthesis method with a microelectronic chip printer. By means of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor chip, charged bioparticles can be patterned on its surface.

Lisofylline, a novel anti-inflammatory agent, enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro: studies in prediabetic and normal rats.

Unlabelled: Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that the novel anti-inflammatory agent, lisofylline (LSF), improves oral glucose tolerance in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Subsequent studies suggested that the improved glucose tolerance could be the result of enhanced beta-cell functioning. The possibility that LSF enhancement of insulin release in these animals is the result of direct effects of this agent on a residual population of functionally normal beta cells was further evaluated in these studies.

Overproduction of insulin in the chromium-deficient rat.

The hypothesis that the insulin secretory hyperresponsiveness observed in rats with diet-induced insulin resistance may be a basic characteristic of dietary chromium (Cr) deficiency was evaluated. Two groups of weanling rats were fed ad libitum a purified diet containing 64% sucrose, 20% casein, 5% corn oil, and the recommended levels of vitamins and minerals without added Cr. Cr-deficient (-Cr) rats were provided with distilled drinking water only, while Cr-supplemented (+Cr) rats received water containing 5 ppm Cr as CrCl3.