Acute insulin secretion as a predictor of weight gain in healthy humans.

Objective: We sought to determine the role of the acute insulin secretory response to glucose (AIRg) in predicting weight gain in normoglycemic persons with no family history of diabetes, who are at low risk for development of disease.

Research Methods And Procedures: One hundred five individuals (64 men and 41 women) who underwent measures of weight and AIRg and insulin sensitivity index (S(I)) by intravenous glucose tolerance test between 1963 and 1983 were surveyed again for weight between 1994 and 1999, with a mean follow-up of 26 +/- 4 years.

Results: Mean change in weight was 8 +/- 10 kg.

Insulin resistance is a poor predictor of type 2 diabetes in individuals with no family history of disease.

In normoglycemic offspring of two type 2 diabetic parents, low insulin sensitivity (S(I)) and low insulin-independent glucose effectiveness (S(G)) predict the development of diabetes one to two decades later. To determine whether low S(I), low S(G,) or low acute insulin response to glucose are predictive of diabetes in a population at low genetic risk for disease, 181 normoglycemic individuals with no family history of diabetes (FH-) and 150 normoglycemic offspring of two type 2 diabetic parents (FH+) underwent i.v.

Acute postchallenge hyperinsulinemia predicts weight gain: a prospective study.

The relationships of insulin secretion and insulin action to body weight are incompletely understood. Obesity is associated with reduced sensitivity to insulin and high fasting and postprandial serum insulin levels. However, it is unknown whether insulin secretion rises to compensate for insulin resistance or high insulin secretion promotes body weight gain and the development of insulin resistance.

Natural history of impaired glucose tolerance: follow-up at Joslin Clinic.

The goal of this study was to examine follow-up data on the offspring of two parents with NIDDM who have IGT to identify predictors of progression to NIDDM. The study group consisted of 80 individuals with IGT (WHO criteria), 28 of whom had IGT at baseline, and 52 who developed it during follow-up. Both an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were performed at baseline.

Late progression to diabetes and evidence for chronic beta-cell autoimmunity in identical twins of patients with type I diabetes.

Previous studies suggest that after 6 years of discordance, identical twin pairs rarely become concordant for type I diabetes. With up to 39 years of follow-up from the onset of diabetes in the index twin, we determined how many discordant twins have evidence of beta-cell autoimmunity and how many develop overt diabetes. We longitudinally followed 23 pairs of identical twins (or triplets) that were selected from a total group of 30 pairs because they were discordant for type I diabetes when first ascertained.