Principles of Stereotactic Surgery.

Background And Objectives: Stereotactic procedures are used to manage a diverse set of patients across a variety of clinical contexts. The stereotactic devices and software used in these procedures vary between surgeons, but the fundamental principles that constitute safe and accurate execution do not. The aim of this work is to describe these principles to equip readers with a generalizable knowledge base to execute and understand stereotactic procedures.

A General Framework for Characterizing Inaccuracy in Stereotactic Systems.

Background And Objectives: Identifying and characterizing sources of targeting error in stereotactic procedures is essential to maximizing accuracy, potentially improving surgical outcomes. We aim to describe a generic framework which characterizes sources of stereotactic inaccuracy.

Methods: We assembled a list of stereotactic systems: ROSA, Neuromate, Mazor Renaissance, ExcelsiusGPS, Cirq, STarFix (FHC), Nexframe, ClearPoint, CRW, and Leksell.

National trends of Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and Vagus Nerve stimulation (VNS) for refractory epilepsy in adult patients: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample based propensity score matched analysis.

Objective: The aim of our study was to report the national trends of Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and compare their outcomes in patients with medically refractory epilepsy (RE).

Methods: Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (NIS, 1998-2018) was used to extract the data using the ICD-9/10 codes. Adult patients (>18 years) with a primary diagnosis of RE who underwent either VNS or LITT were included.

National 22-year epilepsy surgery landscape shows increasing open and minimally invasive pediatric epilepsy surgery.

Objectives: A surgical "treatment gap" in pediatric epilepsy persists despite the demonstrated safety and effectiveness of surgery. For this reason, the national surgical landscape should be investigated such that an updated assessment may more appropriately guide health care efforts.

Methods: In our retrospective cross-sectional observational study, the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried for individuals 0 to <18 years of age who had an International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).

A Novel Closed-Loop Electrical Brain Stimulation Device Featuring Wireless Low-Energy Ultrasound Power and Communication.

Objectives: This study aimed to indicate the feasibility of a prototype electrical neuromodulation system using a closed-loop energy-efficient ultrasound-based mechanism for communication, data transmission, and recharging.

Materials And Methods: Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) prototypes were designed and fabricated with ultrasonic wideband (UsWB) communication technology and miniaturized custom electronics. Two devices were implanted short term in anesthetized Göttingen minipigs (N = 2).