Variants and vaccines impact nasal immunity over three waves of SARS-CoV-2.

Viral variant and host vaccination status impact infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), yet how these factors shift cellular responses in the human nasal mucosa remains uncharacterized. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on nasopharyngeal swabs from vaccinated and unvaccinated adults with acute Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infections and integrated with data from acute infections with ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Patients with Delta and Omicron exhibited greater similarity in nasal cell composition driven by myeloid, T cell and SARS-CoV-2 cell subsets, which was distinct from that of ancestral cases.

The tumor immune microenvironment in primary cutaneous melanoma.

Melanoma is an immunogenic tumor. The melanoma tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is made up of a heterogenous mix of both immune and non-immune cells as well as a multitude of signaling molecules. The interactions between tumor cells, immune cells and signaling molecules affect tumor progression and therapeutic responses.

Implementation of Military Onboarding for Medical Students and its Effect on Student Confidence in the Health Professions Scholarship Program.

Introduction: Health Professions Scholarship Program (HPSP) medical students typically enter the military with minimal military experience, commissioning specifically for the scholarship. During medical school, the only required training is a 5- to 6-week officer training course, which is neither specific to medicine nor guaranteed to be at the beginning of school, since it can be taken at any time. This lack of prior experience can lead to decreased confidence and understanding of the HPSP, specifically the medical school timeline leading up to the military match process and overall military.

Appraisal of the evidence linking hereditary α-tryptasemia with mast cell disorders, hypermobility and dysautonomia.

Since its first description more than a decade ago, our understanding of the clinical impact of hereditary alpha-tryptasemia has continued to evolve. First considered to be a genetic disorder with a subset of patients having a syndromic presentation composed of connective tissue abnormalities, symptoms of autonomic dysfunction, and findings of mast cell activation, we now know that hereditary alpha-tryptasemia is a common genetic trait and modifier of mast cell-mediated reactions. More recent studies have shown some previously held associations with congenital hypermobility and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) to be lacking, and illuminated previously unappreciated associations with clonal and nonclonal mast cell disorders.