Morbillivirus: A highly adaptable viral genus.

Over the course of human history, numerous diseases have been caused by the transmission of viruses from an animal reservoir into the human population. The viruses of the genus are human and animal pathogens that emerged from a primordial ancestor a millennia ago and have been transmitting to new hosts, adapting, and evolving ever since. Through interaction with susceptible individuals, as yet undiscovered morbilliviruses or existing morbilliviruses in animal hosts could cause future zoonotic diseases in humans.

The CSF1R-Microglia Axis Has Protective Host-Specific Roles During Neurotropic Picornavirus Infection.

Viral encephalitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but the manifestation of disease varies greatly between individuals even in response to the same virus. Microglia are professional antigen presenting cells that reside in the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma that are poised to respond to viral insults. However, the role of microglia in initiating and coordinating the antiviral response is not completely understood.

Viral mouse models used to study multiple sclerosis: past and present.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although the etiology of MS is unknown, genetics and environmental factors, such as infections, play a role. Viral infections of mice have been used as model systems to study this demyelinating disease of humans.

Modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through colonisation of the gut with .

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuro-inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects young adults. It is characterised by the development of demyelinating lesions and inflammation within the CNS. Although the causes of MS are still elusive, recent work using patient samples and experimental animal models has demonstrated a strong relationship between the gut microbiota and its contribution to CNS inflammation and MS.

Molecular patterns from a human gut-derived Lactobacillus strain suppress pathogenic infiltration of leukocytes into the central nervous system.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects 2.5 million people worldwide. Growing evidence suggests that perturbation of the gut microbiota, the dense collection of microorganisms that colonize the gastrointestinal tract, plays a functional role in MS.