cGAS goes viral: A conserved immune defense system from bacteria to humans.

To survive, all organisms need the ability to accurately recognize and neutralize pathogens. As a result, many of the fundamental strategies that our innate immune system uses to fight infection have deep evolutionary roots. The innate immune sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), an enzyme that plays a critical role in our bodies by sensing and signaling in response to microbial infection, is broadly conserved and has functional homologs in many vertebrates, invertebrates, and even bacteria.

Evaluation of age-banded dosing of oral paracetamol in hospitalised children: a retrospective analysis using clinical data in a tertiary paediatric hospital.

Objective: To evaluate age-banded dosing in paediatric inpatients by determining the proportion of patients whose dose would fall outside the therapeutic range (by weight).

Design: A retrospective observational study. Weight and height measurements and details of hospital admissions were matched from the electronic patient record of a single, tertiary paediatric hospital.

Ubiquitin-like conjugation by bacterial cGAS enhances anti-phage defence.

cGAS is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that has a pivotal role in immune defence against infection. In vertebrate animals, cGAS is activated by DNA to produce cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which leads to the expression of antimicrobial genes. In bacteria, cyclic dinucleotide (CDN)-based anti-phage signalling systems (CBASS) have been discovered.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Patient Experience Within a Midwest Hospital System: A Case Study.

Patient-centered communication and patient-provider relationships directly affect patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare inpatient perception of provider/nurse communication in both COVID versus non-COVID diagnoses groups. A qualitative retrospective study was conducted by performing a priori analysis on Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems surveys from 4 different hospitals for both COVID and non-COVID diagnoses.