Synthesis Strategy Toward Minimizing Adventitious Oxygen Contents in the Mechanochemically Made Semiconductor Kesterite CuZnSnS Nanopowders.

A multipronged approach to the refined mechanochemical synthesis of the semiconductor kesterite CuZnSnS with minimal quantities of adventitious oxygen as well as to optimizing handling procedures from that angle is described. Three precursor systems are used to provide a pool of freshly made cubic prekesterite nanopowders with no semiconductor properties and the thermally annealed at 500 °C tetragonal kesterite nanopowders of the semiconductor. Based on the previously reported high propensity of such nanopowders to long-term deteriorating oxidation in ambient air, suitable modifications of all crucial synthesis steps are implemented, which are directed toward excluding or limiting the materials' exposure to air.

Thermogravimetric/Thermal-Mass Spectroscopy Insight into Oxidation Propensity of Various Mechanochemically Made Kesterite CuZnSnS Nanopowders.

Thermogravimetry coupled with thermal analysis and quadrupole mass spectroscopy TGA/DTA-QMS were primarily used to assess the oxidation susceptibility of a pool of nanocrystalline powders of the semiconductor kesterite CuZnSnS for prospective photovoltaic applications, which were prepared via the mechanochemically assisted synthesis route from two different precursor systems. Each system, as confirmed by XRD patterns, yielded first the cubic polytype of kesterite with defunct semiconductor properties, which, after thermal annealing at 500 °C under neutral gas atmosphere, was converted to the tetragonal semiconductor polytype. The TGA/DTA-QMS determinations up to 1000 °C were carried out under a neutral argon Ar atmosphere and under a dry, oxygen-containing gas mixture of O:Ar = 1:4 (vol.

Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite CuZnSnS Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method.

The often overlooked and annoying aspects of the propensity of no-oxygen semiconductor kesterite, CuZnSnS, to oxidation during manipulation and storage in ambient air prompted the study on the prolonged exposure of kesterite nanopowders to air. Three precursor systems were used to make a large pool of the cubic and tetragonal polytypes of kesterite via a convenient mechanochemical synthesis route. The systems included the starting mixtures of (i) constituent elements (2Cu + Zn + Sn + 4S), (ii) selected metal sulfides and sulfur (CuS + ZnS + SnS + S), and (iii) in situ made copper alloys (from the high-energy ball milling of the metals 2Cu + Zn + Sn) and sulfur.

The impact of amortization of gene therapies funding on the results and conclusions of CEMs and BIMs.

Background: Gene replacement therapy (GRT) is a treatment method used to combat or prevent various diseases. Its high one-off cost constitutes a major obstacle for successful market access. This paper aims to assess and discuss the applicability of amortization in models, such as cost-effectiveness models (CEMs) and budget impact models (BIMs) informing HTA recommendations and reimbursement decisions.

Safety, Tolerability, and Antitumor Activity of Zipalertinib Among Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Exon 20 Insertions.

Purpose: Although several agents targeting epidermal growth factor receptor () exon 20 insertions (ex20ins) have recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, toxicities related to the inhibition of wild-type (WT) are common with these agents and affect overall tolerability. Zipalertinib (CLN-081, TAS6417) is an oral EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with a novel pyrrolopyrimidine scaffold leading to enhanced selectivity for ex20ins-mutant versus WT with potent inhibition of cell growth in ex20ins-positive cell lines.

Methods: This phase 1/2a study of zipalertinib enrolled patients with recurrent or metastatic ex20ins-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.