Quantum State Reduction of General Initial States through Spontaneous Unitarity Violation.

The inability of Schrödinger's unitary time evolution to describe the measurement of a quantum state remains a central foundational problem. It was recently suggested that the unitarity of Schrödinger dynamics can be spontaneously broken, resulting in measurement as an emergent phenomenon in the thermodynamic limit. Here, we introduce a family of models for spontaneous unitarity violation that apply to generic initial superpositions over arbitrarily many states, using either single or multiple state-independent stochastic components.

Anxiety, depression, and body image among infertile women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome.

Study Question: In women undergoing fertility treatment, do those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a higher prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression and lower body appreciation than women without PCOS?

Summary Answer: Having PCOS was not associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression but was associated with somewhat lower body appreciation.

What Is Known Already: PCOS has been associated with a higher chance to develop mental health problems, like anxiety, and body image concerns. The International Guidelines on PCOS recommend that all women with PCOS should routinely be screened for anxiety and depressive disorders.

Filamin A heart valve disease as a genetic cause of inherited bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve disease.

Objective: Variants in the gene have been associated with mitral valve dystrophy (MVD), and even polyvalvular disease has been reported. This study aimed to analyse the aortic valve and root involvement in -MVD families and its impact on outcomes.

Methods: 262 subjects (37 (18-53) years, 140 male, 79 carriers: +) from 4 -MVD families were included.

Multicentre experience with valve-sparing aortic root replacement by means of combined remodelling and external aortic ring annuloplasty in patients with Marfan syndrome.

Objectives: The most recent valve-sparing root replacement technique combines the advantages of the reimplantation (David) and remodelling (Yacoub) techniques. The aortic root is reconstructed according to the remodelling technique, the aortic valve is repaired according to the principle of effective height, and an external ring provides annular support. The purpose of this study was to evaluate operative and mid-term outcomes using this technique in patients with Marfan syndrome.