Fate of Entosis: From the Beginning to the End in Untreated Advanced Breast Cancer.

Homotypic entosis is a phenomenon in which one cancer cell invades a neighboring cancer cell and is closed entirely within its entotic vacuole. The fate of entosis can lead to inner cell death or survival. Recent evidence draws attention to entosis as a novel prognostic marker in breast cancer.

CD4+ T Cells Are Not Required for Suppression of Hepatitis B Virus Replication in the Liver of Vaccinated Chimpanzees.

Humans vaccinated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) sometimes develop humoral and cellular immunity to HBV proteins such as core and polymerase that are not vaccine components, providing indirect evidence that vaccine-induced immunity is not sterilizing. We previously described CD4(+) T-cell immunity against HBsAg and polymerase in chimpanzees after vaccination and HBV challenge. Here, vaccinated chimpanzees with protective levels of anti-HBsAg antibodies were rechallenged with HBV after antibody-mediated CD4(+) T-cell depletion.

Evaluation of calretinin immunohistochemistry as an additional tool in confirming the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease.

Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a congenital malformation defined as the absence of myenteric and submucosal ganglion cells (GCs) in the distal rectum and variable length of the contiguous bowel. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of calretinin immunochemistry in comparison with that of standard histology complemented with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry routinely employed at our institution to evaluate rectal biopsies carried out for suspicion of HD. Twenty-one rectal biopsies were reviewed, including 14 from patients with suspected HD, 6 from infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and 1 from a patient diagnosed with spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP).

Hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity among adults vaccinated during an outbreak response in an assisted living facility--Virginia, 2010.

Background: Failure to adhere to infection control guidelines, especially during assisted monitoring of blood glucose, has caused multiple hepatitis B outbreaks in assisted living facilities (ALFs). In conjunction with the response to such an outbreak at an ALF ("Facility X") where most residents had neuropsychiatric disorders, we evaluated seroprotection rates conferred by hepatitis B vaccine and assessed the influence of demographic factors on vaccine response.

Methods: Residents were screened for hepatitis B and C infection, and those susceptible were vaccinated against hepatitis A and hepatitis B with one dose of TWINRIX™ (GSK) given at 0, 1, and 7 months.

Immunopathogenesis of hepatitis E virus infection.

The course of hepatitis E virus infection (HEV) can vary substantially between different individuals. Although most infections take a clinically silent asymptomatic course, a few patients may develop severe hepatitis that can progress to fulminant hepatic failure. In addition, cases of chronic hepatitis E have been described in immunosuppressed patients.