Computed Tomographic and Histopathologic Studies of Lung Function Immediately in Canine Neonates.

Background: The lung tissue in newborn canine neonates is still in a morphologically and functionally immature, canalicular-saccular stage. True alveoli are only formed postnatally. The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial and temporal development of the ventilation of the lung tissue in vital canine neonates during the first 24 h post natum (p.

Spanning tree model and the assembly kinetics of RNA viruses.

Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses self-assemble spontaneously in solutions that contain the viral RNA genome molecules and viral capsid proteins. The self-assembly of empty capsids can be understood on the basis of free energy minimization. However, during the self-assembly of complete viral particles in the cytoplasm of an infected cell, the viral genome molecules must be selected from a large pool of very similar host messenger RNA molecules and it is not known whether this also can be understood by free energy minimization.

Exact expressions for the partition function of the one-dimensional Ising model in the fixed-M ensemble.

We obtain exact closed-form expressions for the partition function of the one-dimensional Ising model in the fixed-M ensemble, for three commonly used boundary conditions: periodic, antiperiodic, and Dirichlet. These expressions allow for the determination of fluctuation-induced forces in the canonical ensemble, which we term Helmholtz forces. The thermodynamic expressions and the calculations flowing from them should provide insights into the nature and behavior of fluctuation-induced forces in interesting and as-yet unexplored regimes.

Endocytosis at extremes: Formation and internalization of giant clathrin-coated pits under elevated membrane tension.

Internalization of clathrin-coated vesicles from the plasma membrane constitutes the major endocytic route for receptors and their ligands. Dynamic and structural properties of endocytic clathrin coats are regulated by the mechanical properties of the plasma membrane. Here, we used conventional fluorescence imaging and multiple modes of structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to image formation of endocytic clathrin coats within live cells and tissues of developing fruit fly embryos.