Diverse Efficacy of Dimethyl Fumarate in Alleviating the Late Streptozotocin-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Neuropathological Features in Rat.

Our previous study showed that dimethyl fumarate (DMF) treatment performed within three weeks after intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) attenuated spatial memory impairment, hippocampal neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in rats. The present study is aimed at verifying the hypothesis that DMF alleviates late effects of STZ (6 months after ICV injection) which reflects advanced stage of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) in human patients. Spatial memory was assessed with Morris water maze (MWM), general brain level of amyloid β (Aβ) and p-tau was measured by western blot, immunofluorescent labelling of active microglia (IBA1), Aβ and p-tau and histological assay of neurodegeneration (Fluoro-Jade C) were performed in hippocampus and cortex.

Dimethyl Fumarate Alleviates Adult Neurogenesis Disruption in Hippocampus and Olfactory Bulb and Spatial Cognitive Deficits Induced by Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin Injection in Young and Aged Rats.

The disorder of adult neurogenesis is considered an important mechanism underlying the learning and memory impairment observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The sporadic nonhereditary form of AD (sAD) affects over 95% of AD patients and is related to interactions between genetic and environmental factors. An intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ-ICV) is a representative and well-established method to induce sAD-like pathology.

Defining the need for faculty development in assessment.

Background: High-quality workplace-based assessments are essential for competency-based surgical education. We explored education leaders' perceptions regarding faculty competence in assessment.

Methods: Surgical education leaders were surveyed regarding which areas faculty needed improvement, and knowledge of assessment tools.

Investigational study of the clinical characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases.

: The COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that impacted HealthCare System worldwide and patients undergoing elective surgical procedures is associated with a high mortality rate and a complicated perioperative course. : A retrospective observational study, the research design was conducted utilizing the RedCap ACS COVID-19 Registry and Cerner EMR. The intent of this design is to create statistical information about confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted in an academic institution in Brooklyn, New York from March to May 2020.

General Surgery Residents' Perception of Feedback: We Can Do Better.

Background: Feedback (FB) regarding perioperative care is essential in general surgery residents' (GSRs) training. We hypothesized that FB would be distributed unevenly across preoperative (PrO), intraoperative (IO), and postoperative (PO) continuum of the perioperative period. We aimed to compare results between university- and community-hospital settings planning to institute structured, formalized FB in a large health care system operating multiple surgery residency programs in departments that are linked strategically.