Increased perivascular fibrosis and pro-fibrotic cellular transition in intramyocardial blood vessels in myocardial infarction patients.

Background And Objectives: Structural and functional changes in the intramyocardial microcirculation increase the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). This study investigated intramyocardial perivascular fibrosis and pro-fibrotic cellular transitions in deceased acute and subacute MI patients to explore their involvement in the pathogenesis of MI.

Methods: Left ventricular tissue (LV) was obtained from the infarction area of autopsied patients with acute-phase MI (3-6 h;  = 24), subacute-phase MI (5-14 days;  = 12), and noninfarcted controls ( = 14).

Infiltrative classical monocyte-derived and SPP1 lipid-associated macrophages mediate inflammation and fibrosis in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis.

Background And Hypothesis: Kidney macrophage infiltration is a histological hallmark of vasculitic lesions and is strongly linked to disease activity in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (AGN). The precise mechanisms by which kidney macrophages influence local inflammation and long-term damage remain largely unknown.

Methods: Here, we investigate kidney macrophage diversity using single-cell transcriptome analysis of 25 485 freshly retrieved unfrozen, high-quality kidney CD45+ immune cells from five AGN patients during active disease, a lupus nephritis and nephrectomy control.

Diagnosing Hirschsprung Disease in Children Older than Six Months of Age: Complications After Rectal Biopsy, Insight in Final Diagnoses and Factors Associated With Hirschsprung Disease.

Introduction: It is challenging to distinguish between patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD) and patients with other causes of defecation problems based on clinical presentation in patients older than six months. Pathological examination of the rectal biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of HD. The aim of this study was to gain insight into 1) the prevalence and severity of complications following rectal biopsy, 2) the final diagnoses of patients referred for biopsy, and 3) clinical factors associated with HD in patients older than six months.

Structure of Blm10:13S proteasome intermediate reveals parallel assembly pathways for the proteasome core particle.

Proteasomes are formed by chaperone-assisted assembly of core particles (CPs) and regulatory particles (RPs). The CP chaperone dimer Pba1/Pba2 binds early to proteasome subunits, and is thought to be replaced by Blm10 to form Blm10:CP, which promotes ATP-independent degradation of disordered proteins. Here, we present evidence of distinct parallel assembly pathways for CP by solving five cryo-EM structures including a Blm10:13S pre-assembly intermediate.

Topical adjunctive treatment with flagellin augments pulmonary neutrophil responses and reduces bacterial dissemination in multidrug-resistant infection.

Objective: Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem and multi-drug resistant (MDR) () represents an enormous risk of failing therapy in hospital-acquired pneumonia. The current study aimed to determine the immunomodulatory effect of topical flagellin in addition to antibiotic treatment during respiratory infection evoked by hypervirulent antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant in mice.

Methods: C57BL6 mice were inoculated intranasally with hypervirulent (K2:O1) which was either antibiotic-susceptible or multi-drug resistant.