Heparin surfaces: Impact of immobilization chemistry on hemocompatibility and protein adsorption.

Immobilization of heparin to surfaces has been used for decades to reduce the thrombogenicity of blood contacting devices. This study evaluates how the mode of covalent heparin bonding affects the hemocompatibility and uptake of antithrombin on surfaces in whole blood. End-point attached (EPA) heparin, using the proprietary Carmeda Bioactive Surface (CBAS Surface), was compared with other methods of covalent heparin bonding that typically yield multiple covalent linkages (using reductive amination of periodate oxidized native heparin or EDC coupling of native heparin).

A nonelutable low-molecular weight heparin stent coating for improved thromboresistance.

Low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has been widely used as a systemic anticoagulant during percutaneous coronary intervention. In this study, LMWH was covalently immobilized to the surface of a cobalt chromium reservoir-based sirolimus-eluting stent to create a nonelutable nanoscale coating for enhanced thromboresistance. Toludine-blue stained stents revealed uniform heparin coverage on all surfaces of the stent.

Combined inhibition of complement and CD14 abolish E. coli-induced cytokine-, chemokine- and growth factor-synthesis in human whole blood.

The relative role of complement and CD14 in E. coli-induced cytokine synthesis in an in vitro human whole blood model of sepsis was examined. Fresh lepirudin-anticoagulated whole blood was incubated with E.

The artificial surface-induced whole blood inflammatory reaction revealed by increases in a series of chemokines and growth factors is largely complement dependent.

Exposing blood to an artificial surface results in a systemic inflammatory response, including cytokine release and complement activation. We studied the artificial surface-induced inflammation in human whole blood using an extensive panel of inflammatory mediators including proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth-factors and investigated the role of the complement system in the induction of this response. Using multiplex technology, 27 different inflammatory mediators were measured after circulating blood for 4 hours in polyvinyl chloride tubing.

Role of granulocytes and monocytes in the polyvinyl chloride-induced synthesis of interleukin 8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and leukotriene B4.

In an in vitro whole blood model of artificial surface-induced inflammation, we have studied the contribution of leukocyte populations in the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. This was done by depleting the blood of specific cell types using magnetic beads coated with monoclonal antibodies against leukocyte surface antigens. Synthesis of interleukin 8 (IL-8) was highly dependent on CD15+ cells and was reduced by 80% when these cells were removed from the blood.