Treatment of accidental intakes of plutonium and americium: guidance notes.

The scientific basis for the treatment of the contamination of the human body by plutonium, americium and other actinides is reviewed. Guidance Notes are presented for the assistance of physicians and others who may be called upon to treat workers or members of the public who may become contaminated internally with inhaled plutonium nitrate, plutonium tributyl phosphate, americium nitrate or americium oxide.

Influence of heavy metals upon the retention and mobilization of polonium-210 in rats.

Purpose: To provide information about the tissue retention and mobilization of the alpha-emitting radionuclide, polonium-210 (210Po), in rats under combined exposure to heavy metal ions and the chelating agent, 2, 3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS).

Materials And Methods: Rats were pre-exposed intraperitoneally to either CdCl2 or Pb(CH3COO)2. 9 or 15 h later they received 210Po nitrate intravenously.

Improved chelation therapy of intramuscularly deposited thorium by CaDTPA in the rat.

Comparative studies on the translocation and retention of intramuscularly (i.m.) injected thorium nitrate (234Th 46 ng + 232Th 5 microg per rat) in solutions of citrate, CaDTPA or citrate + CaDTPA in rats have been conducted.

Effect of oral ZnDTPA on late effects of injected plutonium in rat.

Purpose: To reduce the long-term toxicity of 239Pu in rats by lifetime drinking of ZnDTPA solution and to investigate possible side-effects of the drug.

Materials And Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single injection of 239Pu citrate, alone or plus oral ZnDTPA. Additional groups were administered only ZnDTPA.

Mobilization and detoxification of polonium-210 in rats by 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and its derivatives.

Purpose: To reduce retention and toxicity of the alpha particle emitter polonium-210 in rats by newly developed chelating agents.

Materials And Methods: Repeated subcutaneous chelation was conducted after intravenous injection of 210Po nitrate. For reduction of 210Po retention the treatment with vicinal dithiols meso-and rac-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), mono-i-amylmeso-2,3-dimercapto succinate (Mi-ADMS) and mono-N-(i-butyl)-meso-2,3-dimercapto succinamide (Mi-BDMA) were used.