Classification of Visual Smoothness Standards Using Multi-Scale Areal Texture Parameters and Low-Magnification Coherence Scanning Interferometry.

The ability to objectively specify surface finish to ensure consistent visual appearance addresses a vital need in surface coating engineering. This work demonstrates how a computational framework, called surface quality and inspection descriptors (™), can be leveraged to effectively rank different grades of surface finish appearances. ISO 25178-2 areal surface metrics extracted from bandpass-filtered measurements of a set of ten visual smoothness standards taken on a coherent scanning interferometer are used to quantify different grades of powder-coated surface finish.

Broad-Spectrum Inhibition of Respiratory Virus Infection by MicroRNA Mimics Targeting p38 MAPK Signaling.

The majority of antiviral therapeutics target conserved viral proteins, however, this approach confers selective pressure on the virus and increases the probability of antiviral drug resistance. An alternative therapeutic strategy is to target the host-encoded factors that are required for virus infection, thus minimizing the opportunity for viral mutations that escape drug activity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play diverse roles in normal and disease biology, and they generally operate through the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA targets.

How restudy decisions affect overall comprehension for seventh-grade students.

Background: Self-regulated learning requires accurate monitoring and effective regulation of study. Little is known about how effectively younger readers regulate their study.

Aims: We examined how decisions about which text to restudy affect overall comprehension for seventh-grade students.

The interplay between uncertainty monitoring and working memory: Can metacognition become automatic?

The uncertainty response has grounded the study of metacognition in nonhuman animals. Recent research has explored the processes supporting uncertainty monitoring in monkeys. It has revealed that uncertainty responding, in contrast to perceptual responding, depends on significant working memory resources.

Stereoselective synthesis of cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines via Wacker-type aerobic oxidative cyclization of alkenes with tert-butanesulfinamide nucleophiles.

Palladium(II)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative cyclization of alkenes with tethered tert-butanesulfinamides furnishes enantiopure 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines, originating from readily available and easily diversified starting materials. These reactions are the first reported examples of metal-catalyzed addition of sulfinamide nucleophiles to alkenes.