Human Footprint and Forest Disturbance Reduce Space Use of Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) Across Europe.

Three-quarters of the planet's land surface has been altered by humans, with consequences for animal ecology, movements and related ecosystem functioning. Species often occupy wide geographical ranges with contrasting human disturbance and environmental conditions, yet, limited data availability across species' ranges has constrained our understanding of how human pressure and resource availability jointly shape intraspecific variation of animal space use. Leveraging a unique dataset of 758 annual GPS movement trajectories from 375 brown bears (Ursus arctos) across the species' range in Europe, we investigated the effects of human pressure (i.

Cost-Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Screening Using Digital Mammography in Canada.

Importance: Evolving breast cancer treatments have led to improved outcomes but carry a substantial financial burden. The association of treatment costs with the cost-effectiveness of screening mammography is unknown.

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of population-based breast cancer screening in the context of current treatment standards.

Mechanism and optimization of ruthenium-catalyzed oxalamide synthesis using DFT.

The oxalamide skeleton is a common structural motif in many biologically active molecules. These scaffolds can be synthesized ruthenium pincer complex-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of ethylene glycol and amines. In this study, we elucidate the mechanism of this oxalamide synthesis using density functional theory calculations.