Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes a steady degradation of connections inside the brain. The apolipoprotein E is a protein where one of its subtypes, APOE4, is a major genetic risk factor for developing late onset AD. Using a combination of tensor network PCA (TN-PCA) and bundle analysis, we sought to determine which specific connections differentiate APOE4 individuals relative to non-APOE4 carriers, and whether these changes increase with age.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is multifactorial, thus multivariate analyses help untangle its effects. We employed multiple contrast MRI to reveal age-related brain changes in populations at risk for AD, due to APOE4 carriage. We assessed volume and microstructure changes using diffusion weighted imaging, and quantitative magnetic susceptibility maps (QSM) reflective primarily of cerebral iron metabolism.

Biomarkers.

Background: While we do not yet have the means to detect early Alzheimer's disease (AD), studying subjects at risk conferred by the presence of the APOE4 allele, can provide useful information before clinical onset. We show that using symmetric bilinear regression with L1 penalty (SBL) of individual (DTI, fMRI) and fused connectomes, we can identify vulnerable regions changing in association with hallmark AD biomarkers measured in cerebrospinal fluid: amyloid beta Aβ42/40, phosphorylated tau (PTAU), and neurofibrillary light (NfL) as a proxy for neurodegeneration.

Methods: We use structural connectomes derived from diffusion-weighted MRI (DTI) and functional connectomes (fMRI) from 57 subjects, 45 normal controls and 12 cognitively impaired to predict CSF Aβ42/40, PTAU, and NfL to reflect neurodegeneration.

Effects and mechanisms of computerized cognitive training in Huntington's disease: protocol for a pilot study.

Huntington's disease (HD) causes progressive cognitive decline, with no available treatments. Computerized cognitive training (CCT) has shown efficacy in other populations, but its effects in HD are largely unknown. This pilot study will explore the effects and neural mechanisms of CCT in HD.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.