Nitrous oxide is the main product during nitrate reduction by a novel lithoautotrophic iron(II)-oxidizing culture from an organic-rich paddy soil.

Microbial nitrate reduction coupled to iron(II) oxidation (NRFeOx) occurs in paddy soils due to high levels of dissolved iron(II) and regular application of nitrogen fertilizer. However, to date, there is no lithoautotrophic NRFeOx isolate or enrichment culture available from this soil environment. Thus, resulting impacts on greenhouse gas emissions during nitrate reduction (i.

A proteomics approach to study mouse long bones: examining baseline differences and mechanical loading-induced bone formation in young-adult and old mice.

With aging, bone mass declines and the anabolic effects of skeletal loading diminish. While much research has focused on gene transcription, how bone ages and loses its mechanoresponsiveness at the protein level remains unclear. We developed a novel proteomics approach and performed a paired mass spectrometry and RNA-seq analysis on tibias from young-adult (5-month) and old (22-month) mice.

Advanced Methods for Analyzing in-Situ Observations of Magnetic Reconnection.

There is ample evidence for magnetic reconnection in the solar system, but it is a nontrivial task to visualize, to determine the proper approaches and frames to study, and in turn to elucidate the physical processes at work in reconnection regions from in-situ measurements of plasma particles and electromagnetic fields. Here an overview is given of a variety of single- and multi-spacecraft data analysis techniques that are key to revealing the context of in-situ observations of magnetic reconnection in space and for detecting and analyzing the diffusion regions where ions and/or electrons are demagnetized. We focus on recent advances in the era of the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, which has made electron-scale, multi-point measurements of magnetic reconnection in and around Earth's magnetosphere.

Multi-scale cortical bone traits vary in females and males from two mouse models of genetic diversity.

Understanding the genetic basis of cortical bone traits can allow for the discovery of novel genes or biological pathways regulating bone health. Mice are the most widely used mammalian model for skeletal biology and allow for the quantification of traits that cannot easily be evaluated in humans, such as osteocyte lacunar morphology. The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of genetic diversity on multi-scale cortical bone traits of 3 long bones in skeletally-mature mice.