Magnetosensitivity of tightly bound radical pairs in cryptochrome is enabled by the quantum Zeno effect.

The radical pair mechanism accounts for the magnetic field sensitivity of a large class of chemical reactions and is hypothesised to underpin numerous magnetosensitive traits in biology, including the avian compass. Traditionally, magnetic field sensitivity in this mechanism is attributed to radical pairs with weakly interacting, well-separated electrons; closely bound pairs were considered unresponsive to weak fields due to arrested spin dynamics. In this study, we challenge this view by examining the FAD-superoxide radical pair within cryptochrome, a protein hypothesised to function as a biological magnetosensor.

The Association between Academic Performance and Entry-to-Practice Milestones within a Co-Operative Education PharmD Program.

Research on associations between student performance in pharmacy programs and entry-to-practice milestones has been limited in Canada and in programs using a co-operative (co-op) education model. Co-op exposes students to a variety of opportunities both within direct patient care roles and in non-traditional roles for pharmacists, such as policy, advocacy, insurance, research, and the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this research is to analyze associations between student grades and evaluations achieved in the University of Waterloo (UW) Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) co-op program and success rates on entry-to-practice milestones, including the Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada (PEBC) Pharmacist Qualifying Examination and performance on final-year clinical rotations.

Multiple mini-interview predictive validity for performance on a pharmacy licensing examination.

Context: Predictive validity studies on the use of the multiple mini-interview (MMI) have been primarily in medicine.

Objectives: This study sought to determine the predictive validity of the MMI for performance within a pharmacy programme and on the Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada (PEBC) Qualifying Examination for licensure, and to compare the predictive validity of the MMI with that of pre-pharmacy grade point average (GPA) and Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) score.

Methods: Admissions data for 223 graduates of the pharmacy programme at the University of Toronto were matched to programme and licensure outcome measures.

Mitral annular nonplanarity: correlation between annular height/commissural width ratio and the nonplanarity angle.

Objective: To compare two methods of mitral annular nonplanarity: the mathematically calculated annular height-to-commissural width ratio (AHCWR) and the echocardiographically derived nonplanarity angle.

Design: Prospective.

Setting: Tertiary care university hospital.

Lateral approach for radiocarpal wrist arthrography.

Objective: We describe a technique of radiocarpal arthrography using the lateral approach. This technique may be used as an alternative to conventional dorsal techniques.

Conclusion: Radiocarpal injection using the lateral approach can be considered as an alternative to conventional dorsal approaches in the evaluation of wrist pain and instability.