Feasibility test of per-flight contrail avoidance in commercial aviation.

Contrails, formed by aircraft engines, are a major component of aviation's impact on anthropogenic climate change. Contrail avoidance is a potential option to mitigate this warming effect, however, uncertainties surrounding operational constraints and accurate formation prediction make it unclear whether it is feasible. Here we address this gap with a feasibility test through a randomized controlled trial of contrail avoidance in commercial aviation at the per-flight level.

Complement C3d enables cell-mediated immunity capable of distinguishing spontaneously transformed from nontransformed cells.

Immune surveillance depends in part on the recognition of peptide variants by T cell antigen receptors. Given that both normal B cells and malignant B cells accumulate mutations we chose a murine model of multiple myeloma to test conditions to induce cell-mediated immunity targeting malignant plasma cell (PC) clones but sparing of normal PCs. Revealing a previously unknown function for intracellular C3d, we found that C3d engaged T cell responses against malignant PC in the bone marrow of mice that had developed multiple myeloma spontaneously.

Proteolethargy is a pathogenic mechanism in chronic disease.

The pathogenic mechanisms of many diseases are well understood at the molecular level, but there are prevalent syndromes associated with pathogenic signaling, such as diabetes and chronic inflammation, where our understanding is more limited. Here, we report that pathogenic signaling suppresses the mobility of a spectrum of proteins that play essential roles in cellular functions known to be dysregulated in these chronic diseases. The reduced protein mobility, which we call proteolethargy, was linked to cysteine residues in the affected proteins and signaling-related increases in excess reactive oxygen species.