Photoperiod-H1 effects on barley floret development and fertility under contrasting photoperiods and PHYC backgrounds.

The photoperiod insensitive allele of Photoperiod-H1 (ppd-H1) increases spike fertility in barley, both indirectly by lengthening flowering time and directly when flowering time is accelerated under extra-long photoperiods. To determine if the effect of PPD-H1 on spike fertility is related to the initiation or the mortality of spikelets/florets, we performed detailed analysis of the dynamics of floret development along the barley spikes. Four near-isogenic lines (NILs) combining ppd-H1 and Ppd-H1 alleles with two PHYTOCHROME C (PhyC-l and PhyC-e) backgrounds were compared under 12- and 24-hour photoperiods.

Polyurethane waste valorization: A Two-Phase process using Ozonization and Rhodococcus pyridinivorans fermentation for biofertilizer production.

A circular economy process has been developed to convert polyurethane waste into biofertilizing microorganisms through a sequential chemical/biological process. The chemical phase involves the complete depolymerization of polyurethane using ozone attack, generating an aqueous extract (OLE) composed of small, bioavailable molecules such as polyols, isocyanate derivatives, and carboxylic acids. The biological phase utilizes OLE for the generation of biomass with biofertilizing functional activity through Rhodococcus pyridinivorans fermentation.

Dynamics of apex and leaf development in barley as affected by alleles in two contrasting backgrounds under short or long photoperiod.

Barley development from seedling to flowering involves both external and internal changes, the latter requiring microscopic observation. Internal changes allow for the classification of preflowering development into three phases: vegetative, early reproductive, and late reproductive. Genetic and environmental factors influence the duration of these phases, impacting grain yield.

A new biostimulant derived from soybean by-products enhances plant tolerance to abiotic stress triggered by ozone.

Background: Tropospheric ozone is an air pollutant that causes negative effects on vegetation, leading to significant losses in crop productivity. It is generated by chemical reactions in the presence of sunlight between primary pollutants resulting from human activity, such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Due to the constantly increasing emission of ozone precursors, together with the influence of a warming climate on ozone levels, crop losses may be aggravated in the future.

Photoperiod sensitivity of Ppd-H1 and ppd-H1 isogenic lines of a spring barley cultivar: exploring extreme photoperiods.

Barley is a long-day plant with a major gene (PPD-H1) that determines its photoperiod sensitivity. Under long days (i.e.