[Influenza-associated acute necrotizing encephalitis: unknown makes undertreated?].

Background: Influenza-associated acute necrotizing encephalitis (ANE) is a very rare, but severe complication from influenza infection.

Case Description: We present a 48 year old male who presented with fever, malaise, confusion and altered mental status (E4M5V2) and influenza A infection. He quickly develops convulsions after which he is intubated and admitted to the Intensive Care Unit following which he remains comatose (E1M1V1).

Infective endocarditis caused by Enterobacteriaceae: phenotypic and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The etiological agent for infective endocarditis (IE), a life-threatening disease, is usually gram-positive bacteria. However, gram-negative bacteria can rarely cause IE and 4% of cases are associated with morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to characterize Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the blood of patients with IE.

Corrigendum: Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Isolates from Urine Samples of Hospitalized Patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.

Characterization of fosfomycin heteroresistance among multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from hospitalized patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli have become a major medical concern. Old antibiotics such as fosfomycin have become an alternative therapeutic option due to their effectiveness and, as a result, fosfomycin is now used as a first-line drug for the treatment of UTIs in many countries. Despite low resistance rates, fosfomycin heteroresistance, defined as a phenomenon where subpopulations of bacteria are resistant to high antibiotic concentrations whereas most of the bacteria are susceptible, is an underestimated problem.

Determining the Virulence Properties of ST131 Containing Bacteriocin-Encoding Plasmids Using Short- and Long-Read Sequencing and Comparing Them with Those of Other Lineages.

ST131 is a clinical challenge due to its multidrug resistant profile and successful global spread. They are often associated with complicated infections, particularly urinary tract infections (UTIs). Bacteriocins play an important role to outcompete other microorganisms present in the human gut.