Effects of comorbid disorders on reward processing and connectivity in adults with ADHD.

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a long trajectory into adulthood where it is often comorbid with depression, substance use disorder (SUD) or obesity. Previous studies described a dysregulated dopaminergic system, reflected by abnormal reward processing, both in ADHD as well as in depression, SUD or obesity. No study so far however tested systematically whether pathologies in the brain's reward system explain the frequent comorbidity in adult ADHD.

Five novel mutations in the SCNN1A gene causing autosomal recessive pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1.

Background: Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the genes encoding the human mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) or the α (SCNN1A), β (SCNN1B) or γ (SCNN1G) subunit of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC). While autosomal dominant mutation of the MR cause renal PHA1, autosomal recessive mutations of the ENaC lead to systemic PHA1. In the latter, affected children suffer from neonatal onset of multi-organ salt loss and often exhibit cystic fibrosis-like pulmonary symptoms.

Frequency dependence of the binaural interaction component of the auditory brainstem response.

The frequency dependence of the binaural interaction component of the auditory brainstem response was examined. Subjects included 24 with normal hearing and 5 with severe high-frequency losses. Tone pips of 100 and 80 dB pe SPL at 1 000 and 4 000 Hz were presented monaurally and binaurally.