Multiple ocular developmental defects in four closely related alpacas.

Objective: To describe the clinical, gross pathologic, and histopathologic findings for a visually impaired 5.8-year-old female alpaca with multiple ocular abnormalities, as well as the clinical findings for three closely related alpacas.

Animals Studied: Four alpacas.

Oxidative stress increases in retinas of dogs in acute glaucoma but not in chronic glaucoma.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that oxidative stress occurs early in the pathogenesis of glaucoma in dogs.

Animals: Sections from eight control retinas and 25 retinas from dogs with primary glaucoma.

Methods: For retinas embedded in paraffin, sections were immunohistochemically stained for malondialdehyde (MDA) and 3-nitrotyrosine (NT).

Retinal ganglion cell distribution and visual acuity in alpacas (Vicugna pacos).

Objective: To investigate the distribution of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and visual acuity in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) through Brn-3a immunofluorescent labeling.

Procedures: Five eyes from four healthy alpacas with normal ophthalmic examination findings were included in the study. The axial length of the globes was measured before fixation.

Malignant transformation of a putative eyelid papilloma to squamous cell carcinoma in a dog.

A 6-year-old female spayed Chihuahua was presented for the evaluation of generalized pigmented cutaneous masses, one of which was present on the lower right eyelid. The dog was not on immunosuppressive medications and did not have historical or laboratory evidence of underlying endocrine disease, including hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction of a cutaneous biopsy from the left antebrachium containing representative lesions confirmed viral papillomatosis.

Tear production in canine neonates--evaluation using a modified Schirmer tear test.

Purpose: The ability of human newborns to produce tears has been a subject of controversy in the literature since the mid-20th century, and there has been considerable debate as to whether they are able to produce tears. Recently, it was established that total tear secretion (reflex + basal) in full-term infants is similar to those of adults whereas both reflex and basal tear production is reduced in premature babies. The objectives of this study were to assess whether newborn dogs have measurable aqueous tear production at the fourth week of life and to evaluate a modified Schirmer tear test (mSTT) as a useful method for measuring neonatal tear production in dogs.