Structure and evolutionary implications of the earliest (Sinemurian, Early Jurassic) dinosaur eggs and eggshells.

One of the fossil record's most puzzling features is the absence of preserved eggs or eggshell for the first third of the known 315 million year history of amniote evolution. Our meagre understanding of the origin and evolution of calcareous eggshell and amniotic eggs in general, is largely based on Middle Jurassic to Late Cretaceous fossils. For dinosaurs, the most parsimonious inference yields a thick, hard shelled egg, so richly represented in the Late Cretaceous fossil record.

Terrestrial runoff influences white syndrome prevalence in SW Madagascar.

Terrestrial runoff and sedimentation have been implicated in a variety of impacts on scleractinian corals. However, despite accumulating evidence, little work has been done to investigate their influence on coral disease development. This study examined the role that river runoff and the associated sedimentation could play in affecting the prevalence of the coral disease "white syndrome" in SW Madagascar.

Mammography screening attendance: meta-analysis of the effect of direct-contact invitation.

Background: Personal or telephone contact methods are often used to increase attendance for mammography screening. A meta-analysis of the literature was performed to assess the overall effect of direct-contact recruitment on mammography participation.

Methods: Two independent reviewers conducted two different search strategies.

Condom use self-efficacy: effect on intended and actual condom use in adolescents.

Purpose: To investigate aspects of adolescents' condom use self-efficacy that affect their intended and actual condom use.

Methods: Four hundred twenty-four male and female sexually experienced and inexperienced adolescents with a mean age of 17.0 years filled out a questionnaire concerning condom use self-efficacy and intended and actual condom use.

Safe placement of S1 and S2 iliosacral screws: the "vestibule" concept.

Objectives: To determine the optimal starting points for placement of S1 and S2 iliosacral screws as well as the pertinent anatomy surrounding the S1 and S2 vertebral bodies.

Design: Normal subject study evaluating helical CT scans of thirty normal posterior pelvic rings.

Setting: Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, Level I trauma center.