Low-positive controls for monitoring progesterone receptor immunohistochemical staining.

Aims: Progesterone receptor (PR) is a crucial prognostic marker in breast cancer. However, achieving consistent results in PR immunohistochemistry (IHC) remains challenging due to the lack of well-defined low-positive controls. This study aimed to identify benign tissues with consistent low-level PR expression to serve as ideal controls for IHC.

Harnessing acylhydrazone-oxime exchange reaction to achieve diverse synthesis of glycosite-specific antibody-drug conjugates.

Glycosite-specific antibody-drug conjugates (gsADCs), which carry cytotoxic payloads at the conserved -glycosylation site, N297, of an IgG, have emerged as a promising ADC format with better therapeutic index. Conjugating the payloads aldehyde-based chemistry is more friendly to IgGs, and has been widely investigated. However, the efficiency of introducing an aldehyde tag at the N297 site is poor due to the complicated procedures required, such as the multiple-enzyme-catalyzed IgG glycoengineering process and the successive oxidation step, which always results in heterogeneous products and poor stability.

DEK :: AFF2 Fusion Sinonasal and Skull Base Nonkeratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma : A Clinical Outcome Study Compared With Conventional Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

DEK :: AFF2 fusion nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC) is an emerging entity in the sinonasal tract, temporal bone, and skull base. However, the clinical behavior of these tumors has not been well studied. Here, we report the largest cohort of DEK :: AFF2 carcinomas to determine if morphology, mitotic rate, and/or Ki-67 IHC are associated with patient outcomes, including a comparison with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and independent patients.

Active curling of epithelial monolayers dominated by actin cytoskeleton mechanics.

Active curling of epithelial tissues, as an indispensable component of developmental morphogenesis, occurs frequently both in vivo and in vitro microenvironments. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying the active curling of epithelial monolayers is crucial for understanding many physiological and pathological processes. Here, a multiscale structure-based cell monolayer model and an active constitutive relation are established to characterize this spontaneous curling of the epithelial tissue.