The HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study (HBCD): NIH collaboration to understand the impacts of prenatal and early life experiences on brain development.

The human brain undergoes rapid development during the first years of life. Beginning in utero, a wide array of biological, social, and environmental factors can have lasting impacts on brain structure and function. To understand how prenatal and early life experiences alter neurodevelopmental trajectories and shape health outcomes, several NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices collaborated to support and launch the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study.

Thermal Kinetics and Nitriding Effect of Ammonia-Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides.

Ammonia is a promising alternative hydrogen carrier that can be utilized for the solid-state reduction of iron oxides for sustainable ironmaking due to its easy transportation and high energy density. The main challenge for its utilization on an industrial scale is to understand the reaction kinetics under different process conditions and the associated nitrogen incorporation in the reduced material that originates from ammonia decomposition. In this work, the effect of temperature on the reduction efficiency and nitride formation is investigated through phase, local chemistry, and gas evolution analysis.

Reducing extrauterine growth restriction in very preterm neonates: A before-after intervention study.

Background: Focus on preterm nutrition strategies is imperative. Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is a clinically relevant, but seemingly elusive consequence, often used to benchmark and compare outcomes.

Methods: This before-after observational study was designed to study the effect of a multipronged updated "nutrition care bundle" in very preterm infants on rate of EUGR compared with a cohort from a previous period.