Exercise-induced vocal cord dysfunction and exercise-induced laryngomalacia in children and adolescents: the same clinical syndrome?

Background: Exercise-induced respiratory symptoms associated with paradoxical laryngeal motion are relatively common and often mistaken for asthma. Exercise-induced vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) and exercise-induced laryngomalacia (LM) have been described separately in the literature but have never been systematically compared.

Objective: To compare subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of exercise-induced VCD or exercise-induced LM by performing a retrospective chart review of subjects who had symptoms provoked by a free running exercise challenge and documented concurrent paradoxical laryngeal motion.

Sleep problems in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

Study Objectives: Sleep problems in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are reportedly common but not well characterized. Objectives were to: (1) assess sleep concerns in children with FASD using a caregiver-report survey, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ); (2) compare CSHQ results with those of previously reported community sample; and (3) describe pilot polysomnography findings in children with FASD.

Methods: Children with FASD were recruited from a behavioral intervention study, and participating caregivers completed the CSHQ.

Lowering obstacles to HIV prevention services: effects of a brief, telephone-based intervention using motivational enhancement therapy.

Background: Brief and low-burden HIV risk reduction counseling interventions are needed for populations at greatest risk for HIV infection.

Purpose: This randomized controlled trial tested a brief theory-based counseling intervention delivered entirely over the telephone for men who engage in unprotected intercourse with men.

Methods: Participants received either risk reduction counseling that included information, motivational enhancement and behavior skills building, or brief HIV education counseling.

The check-up: in-person, computerized, and telephone adaptations of motivational enhancement treatment to elicit voluntary participation by the contemplator.

Countless barriers come between people who are struggling with substance abuse and those charged with providing substance abuse treatment. The check-up, a form of motivational enhancement therapy, is a harm reduction intervention that offers a manner of supporting individuals by lowering specific barriers to reaching those who are untreated. The check-up was originally developed to reach problem drinkers who were neither seeking treatment nor self-initiating change.