The impact of gasping versus apnea on initial heart rate and response to positive pressure ventilation in the delivery room following interruption of placental blood flow.

Background: The impact and/or significance of gasping or apnea on cardio-respiratory status at birth remains unclear.

Objectives: The study objectives were to determine in infants presenting with gasping or apnea in the delivery room, initial heart rate (HR), responses to positive pressure ventilation (PPV), time to onset of spontaneous respirations, and the relationship of these responses to 24-hour outcome (death/survival) METHODS: Observation study undertaken in a rural setting involving late preterm and term newborns who gasped (n=126) or were apneic (n=105) at birth and received PPV had HR and respiratory parameters continuously measured and were video recorded.

Results: Apneic (12.

Implementation of a novel bubble continuous positive airway pressure system with a blender in preterm infants in a low resource setting.

Objective: To determine if a novel CPAP system is associated with physiologic improvement in premature infants in a low resource setting and if the introduction of blended oxygen would reduce FiO2.

Study Design: Feasibility study of infants ≤2000 g or ≤32 weeks gestational age with early respiratory distress who were placed on Vayu CPAP with continuous pulse oximetry. Physiologic parameters were recorded prior to initiation and through the first 24 h.

The Febrile Infant: Updates in Evaluation and Management.

New American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines were published in 2021 for the evaluation and management of well-appearing febrile infants from age 8 to 60 days. This first guideline of its kind from the AAP brings together increasing evidence from the last 20 years and replaces the varied protocols previously used (eg, Rochester, Philadelphia, Boston). The guideline also incorporates lessons from newer studies, such as the work of the Febrile Infant Working Group of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network.

Impact of a ketogenic diet on sleep quality in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis.

Background: Sleep disturbance in MS is common and can significantly impair overall quality of life. The ketogenic diet (KD) associates with improved sleep quality in people living with epilepsy and may have similar benefits when used within MS; however, the impact of a KD on sleep in this population remains poorly defined.

Methods: Forty-five patients with relapsing MS enrolled into a 6-month KD intervention trial and completed self-reported assessments of sleep quality and sleep disorder symptoms prior to diet initiation and while on diet, using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Sleep Disorders Symptom Checklist-25 (SDS).