Publications by authors named "J Pennings"
Introduction: Lung cancer screening is underutilized, especially in rural areas where lung cancer mortality is high. Approximately 11.2% of the United States (US) population over age 50 meet the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2021 lung cancer screening eligibility criteria; the proportion of eligible Veterans is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of the standard battery of in vitro genotoxicity tests to predict in vivo genotoxicity through mathematical modeling: A report from the 8th International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing.
Environ Mol Mutagen
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- In human health risk assessment, genotoxicity hazards of chemicals typically start with a set of in vitro tests, but these tests don't capture all potential genotoxic endpoints, leading to sometimes contradictory results.
- Mathematical modeling can improve the interpretation of these tests by accounting for each test's strengths and weaknesses, providing objective predictions with associated uncertainties.
- A study found that combining a mammalian in vitro clastogenicity test and a gene mutation test offers strong evidence for genotoxic hazard assessment, but the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test alone can still provide useful evidence when no other data is available.
The Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) framework is pivotal in toxicology, but the, terminology describing Key Event Relationships (KERs) varies within AOP guidelines.This study examined the usage of causal, observational and predictive terms in AOP, documentation and their adaptation in AOP development. A literature search and text, analysis of key AOP guidance documents revealed nuanced usage of these terms, with KERs often described as both causal and predictive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study investigated how smoking affects recovery after elective cervical laminoplasty for degenerative cervical myelopathy.
- Smokers showed worse neck and arm pain scores before the surgery, but there were no significant differences in postoperative outcomes compared to nonsmokers after 12 months.
- Overall, smoking did not appear to significantly impact complications, readmissions, or patient satisfaction following the non-fusion surgical procedure.
Trisomy of human chromosome 21 (T21) gives rise to Down syndrome (DS), the most frequent live-born autosomal aneuploidy. T21 triggers genome-wide transcriptomic alterations that result in multiple atypical phenotypes with highly variable penetrance and expressivity in individuals with DS. Many of these phenotypes, including atypical neurodevelopment, emerge prenatally.
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