Low coordinate Zn(II) organocations bearing extremely bulky NHC ligands: structural features, air-/water-tolerance and use in hydrosilylation and hydrogenation catalysis.

This work details the synthesis and characterization of low-coordinate Zn(II)-based organocations [(NHC)Zn(R)] incorporating extremely bulky NHCs [ITr] and [IAd] ([ITr] = ([ITr] = [(HCNCPh)C:]; [IAd] = [(HCNAd)C:], Ad = adamantyl)). Their structural features and particularities are thoroughly assessed as well as their air and water tolerance. Neutral ITr and IAd adducts [(ITr)Zn(R)] (1, R = Me; 2, R = Et) and [(IAd)Zn(R)] (3, R = Me; 4, R = Et) were synthesized by reaction of carbene [ITr] or [IAd] with a stoichiometric amount of [ZnR] and isolated in good yields.

Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Complexes Supported by Phosphorus Ligands Obtained Using Hydrophosphination of Cyclic Internal Alkenes.

The design and study of rich, bulky phosphorus ligands is a key area of research for homogeneous catalysis. Here, we describe an original strategy using a hydrophosphination reaction to produce phosphines of interest for coordination chemistry and homogenous catalysis. In particular, the phosphine obtained by reacting diphenylphosphine with acenaphthylene (ligand ) gives a ligand that adopts an unusual spatial geometry.

Towards standardisation of surface electromyography measurements in the horse: Bipolar electrode location.

The use of surface electromyography in the field of animal locomotion has increased considerably over the past decade. However, no consensus exists on the methodology for data collection in horses. This study aimed to start the development of recommendations for bipolar electrode locations to collect surface electromyographic data from horses during dynamic tasks.

An anti-TNF-glucocorticoid receptor modulator antibody-drug conjugate is efficacious against immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are efficacious drugs used for treating many inflammatory diseases, but the dose and duration of administration are limited because of severe side effects. We therefore sought to identify an approach to selectively target GCs to inflamed tissue. Previous work identified that anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies that bind to transmembrane TNF undergo internalization; therefore, an anti-TNF antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) would be mechanistically similar, where lysosomal catabolism could release a GC receptor modulator (GRM) payload to dampen immune cell activity.

Upadacitinib: Mechanism of action, clinical, and translational science.

Upadacitinib is a selective Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor which is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, the European Medicines Agency, as well as other agencies around the world for the treatment of several chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatic, dermatologic, and gastrointestinal diseases. Through inhibition of JAK, upadacitinib inhibits phosphorylation of downstream effector proteins, which consequently inhibits cytokine signaling for key pathways involved in inflammatory diseases. Upadacitinib more potently inhibits JAK1 than other JAK isoforms.