The incidence and outcome of AKI in patients with sepsis in the emergency department applying different definitions of AKI and sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is often accompanied with acute kidney injury (AKI). The incidence of AKI in patients visiting the emergency department (ED) with sepsis according to the new SOFA criteria is not exactly known, because the definition of sepsis has changed and many definitions of AKI exist. Given the important consequences of early recognition of AKI in sepsis, our aim was to assess the epidemiology of sepsis-associated AKI using different AKI definitions (RIFLE, AKIN, AKIB, delta check, and KDIGO) for the different sepsis classifications (SIRS, qSOFA, and SOFA).

Robert Koch, malaria pioneer.

The role of Robert Koch in the early discoveries of the malaria lifecycle and the complex of diseases, the development of immunity, quinine prophylaxis and the mosquito theory has fallen into oblivion. As a mature and famous hygienist, Koch had travelled the Old World, where malaria was endemic. His first studies took place in Tanganyika, German East Africa (now Tanzania) in 1898 and thereafter in Italy and the East Asian archipelago.

[A man with bulging eyes].

Graves' orbitopathy may cause multiple symptoms, such as proptosis, redness or inflammation of the conjunctiva, excessive tearing, swelling of the eyelids and pain. Smoking, male gender and old age are significant risk factors for a more severe and active disease.