Indirect reference interval estimation using a convolutional neural network with application to cancer antigen 125.

Indirect methods for reference interval (RI) estimation, which use data acquired from routine pathology testing, have the potential to accelerate the establishment of RIs to account for variables such as gender and age to improve clinical assessments. However, they require more sophisticated methods of analysis due to the potential influence of pathological patients in raw clinical datasets. In this paper we develop a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) model trained on synthetic data to identify underlying healthy distributions within pathological admixtures.

Unsupervised machine learning method for indirect estimation of reference intervals for chronic kidney disease in the Puerto Rican population.

Reference intervals (RIs) for clinical laboratory values are extremely important for diagnostics and treatment of patients. However, the determination of these ranges is costly and time-consuming. As a result, often different unverified RIs are used in practice for the same analyte and the same range is used for all patients despite evidence that the values are gender, age, and ethnicity dependent.

On the Origin of Biomolecular Networks.

Biomolecular networks have already found great utility in characterizing complex biological systems arising from pairwise interactions amongst biomolecules. Here, we explore the important and hitherto neglected role of information asymmetry in the genesis and evolution of such pairwise biomolecular interactions. Information asymmetry between sender and receiver genes is identified as a key feature distinguishing early biochemical reactions from abiotic chemistry, and a driver of network topology as biomolecular systems become more complex.

Spin-transfer torque in multiferroic tunnel junctions with composite dielectric/ferroelectric barriers.

Using model calculations, we demonstrate a very high level of control of the spin-transfer torque (STT) by electric field in multiferroic tunnel junctions with composite dielectric/ferroelectric barriers. We find that, for particular device parameters, toggling the polarization direction can switch the voltage-induced part of STT between a finite value and a value close to zero, i.e.