Hypermigration of macrophages through the concerted action of GRA effectors on NF-κB/p38 signaling and host chromatin accessibility potentiates dissemination.

Unlabelled: Mononuclear phagocytes facilitate the dissemination of the obligate intracellular parasite . Here, we report how a set of secreted parasite effector proteins from dense granule organelles (GRA) orchestrates dendritic cell-like chemotactic and pro-inflammatory activation of parasitized macrophages. These effects enabled efficient dissemination of the type II lineage, a highly prevalent genotype in humans.

The Toxoplasma secreted effector TgWIP modulates dendritic cell motility by activating host tyrosine phosphatases Shp1 and Shp2.

The obligate intracellular parasite causes life-threatening toxoplasmosis to immunocompromised individuals. The pathogenesis of relies on its swift dissemination to the central nervous system through a 'Trojan Horse' mechanism using infected leukocytes as carriers. Previous work found WIP, a protein secreted from played a role in altering the actin cytoskeleton and promoting cell migration in infected dendritic cells (DCs).

The Toxoplasma secreted effector TgWIP modulates dendritic cell motility by activating host tyrosine phosphatases Shp1 and Shp2.

The obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes life-threatening toxoplasmosis to immunocompromised individuals. The pathogenesis of Toxoplasma relies on its swift dissemination to the central nervous system through a 'Trojan Horse' mechanism using infected leukocytes as carriers. Previous work found TgWIP, a protein secreted from Toxoplasma, played a role in altering the actin cytoskeleton and promoting cell migration in infected dendritic cells (DCs).

A parasite odyssey: An RNA virus concealed in .

We are entering a 'Platinum Age of Virus Discovery', an era marked by exponential growth in the discovery of virus biodiversity, and driven by advances in metagenomics and computational analysis. In the ecosystem of a human (or any animal) there are more species of viruses than simply those directly infecting the animal cells. Viruses can infect all organisms constituting the microbiome, including bacteria, fungi, and unicellular parasites.

Two putative pore-forming proteins, GRA47 and GRA72, influence small molecule permeability of the parasitophorous vacuole.

Unlabelled: , a medically important intracellular parasite, uses GRA proteins secreted from dense granule organelles to mediate nutrient flux across the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM). GRA17 and GRA23 are known pore-forming proteins on the PVM involved in this process, but the roles of additional proteins have remained largely uncharacterized. We recently identified as synthetically lethal with .