Resource Utilization and Cost in Management of Febrile Infants After the 2021 Clinical Guideline.

Objective: The 2021 American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline (CPG) for well-appearing febrile infants aims to promote evidence-based care, reduce practice variability, enhance care quality, and optimize cost. We aimed to examine the trends in resource utilization and cost associated with the evaluation and management of febrile infants aged 8 to 60 days before and after the CPG's publication.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study using the Pediatric Health Information Systems Database, covering the periods of August 2019 to July 2021 (pre-CPG) and August 2021 to July 2023 (post-CPG).

Get Over It: Surgical Residents' Responses to Simulated Harassment. A Multi Method Study.

Objective: This study examined the response strategies of Surgery residents as bystanders to harassment in a simulated clinical environment, their alignment with the bystander intervention model, and the motivations behind their actions.

Design: Participants watched an educational video on harassment and ways to address it prior to undergoing a simulated clinical scenario where they witnessed a senior resident harassing a medical student. The study used audio-video recordings of the simulations to capture and analyze residents' verbal and nonverbal responses to harassment.

Assessing the role of BNST GABA neurons in backward conditioned suppression.

Conditioned suppression is a useful paradigm for measuring learned avoidance. In most conditioned suppression studies, forward conditioning is used where a cue predicts an aversive stimulus. However, backward conditioning, in which an aversive stimulus predicts a cue, provides unique insights into learned avoidance due to its influence on both conditioned excitation and inhibition.

VGluT3 BNST neurons transmit GABA and restrict feeding without affecting rewarding or aversive processing.

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is involved in feeding, reward, aversion, and anxiety-like behavior. We identify BNST neurons defined by the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 3, VGluT3. VGluT3 neurons were localized to anteromedial BNST, were molecularly distinct from accumbal VGluT3 neurons, and co-express vesicular GABA transporter (VGaT).

Dissecting the cellular architecture and genetic circuitry of the soybean seed.

Seeds are complex structures composed of three regions, embryo, endosperm, and seed coat, with each further divided into subregions that consist of tissues, cell layers, and cell types. Although the seed is well characterized anatomically, much less is known about the genetic circuitry that dictates its spatial complexity. To address this issue, we profiled mRNAs from anatomically distinct seed subregions at several developmental stages.